In "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" and "The Kreutzer Sonata," Leo Tolstoy explores the profound themes of mortality, existential despair, and the complexities of human relationships. While the former exists as a poignant novella revealing the stark confrontation between life and death, emphasizing the futility of materialism, the latter takes the form of a powerful novella that critiques bourgeois marriage and explores moral dilemmas surrounding love and sexuality. Tolstoy's succinct prose combines realism with deep philosophical inquiries, painting psychological portraits steeped in the author's introspective style. These works reflect the social context of 19th-century Russia, as the author scrutinizes the moral decay of society amidst the quest for authenticity and truth. Leo Tolstoy, a titan of literature and philosophy, was inspired by his own experiences with existential crises and spiraling disillusionment with the superficial nature of contemporary society. After personal tragedies and spiritual awakenings, Tolstoy distilled his observations into narrative form, compelling readers to confront their own lives. His moral reflections were shaped by the tumultuous transformations of Russian society and his internal battles between faith, love, and duty. Both novellas remain essential reading for anyone engaged with the human condition, as they invite introspection about life, love, and death. Engaging with Tolstoy's works is not merely an academic exercise but a profound journey towards understanding one's own existence and moral choices.