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La esencia del cristianismo

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De Ludwig Feuerbach (1804-1872) pudo escribir Søren Kierkegaard: «Es falso cuando la cristiandad actual dice que Feuerbach ataca al cristianismo. ¡No es verdad! Ataca a los cristianos, mostrando que su vida no se corresponde con la doctrina del cristianismo». El propio Feuerbach habla en el prólogo a La esencia del cristianismo de la finalidad «terapéutica» del libro. Más que la negación de la religión, lo que pretende es su purificación de repre-sentaciones en contradicción con el hombre y con las po-sibilidades del género humano en cuanto tal.

«Quien no sabe decir de mí sino que soy ateo, no sabe nada de mí. La cuestión de la existencia o no existencia de Dios, la contraposición de teísmo y ateísmo pertenece al siglo XVIIy XVIII, pero no al XIX. Yo niego a Dios. Esto quiere decir en mi caso: yo niego la negación del hombre [...] La cuestión del ser o no ser de Dios es en mi caso únicamente la cuestión del ser o no ser del hombre».

La lectura de La esencia del cristianismo es imprescindible para comprender la descendencia moderna de su autor. El influjo de esta obra, a cuya «fuerza liberadora» se re-firió F. Engels y cuya aportación, un claro precedente de la teoría de la «ideología», fue saludada con entusiasmo por K. Marx, se extendió también a pensadores como A. Schopenhauer o F. Nietzsche, y alcanzó a teólogos pos-teriores como K. Barth o R. Bultmann. En palabras de J. O. Osier, «estas distintas filiaciones hacen de Feuerbach un lugar central de nuestra buena o mala conciencia, esto es, de nuestra inconsciencia».



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