In "Meditations on First Philosophy," René Descartes embarks on a meticulous journey of doubt and inquiry, seeking foundational truths in a world rife with assumptions. Written in a reflective and methodical style, the work unfolds over six meditations, offering a paradigm shift that seeks to establish knowledge on indubitable grounds. Descartes deftly employs skepticism as a tool, famously positing "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) as the cornerstone of his philosophy. The text is set against the backdrop of the 17th-century Enlightenment, a pivotal era that prioritized reason, scientific inquiry, and the critique of traditional belief systems. René Descartes, often hailed as the father of modern philosophy, was profoundly influenced by the scientific advancements of his time and the methodological rigor exemplified in mathematics. His quest for certainty and his conflict with scholasticism led him to embrace rationalism as a means to strip away fallacies and elevate human understanding. This work encapsulates his philosophical legacy and reflects his broader concerns about the nature of existence and epistemic certainty. "Meditations on First Philosophy" is an essential read for anyone interested in the foundations of modern thought. Its profound insights into the nature of knowledge and existence challenge readers to reconsider their own beliefs through a critical lens. This text is not only pivotal for philosophy students but also offers a rich exploration of rational thought applicable to various disciplines.
Harvard Classics: All 71 Volumes
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Thomas Carlyle, Theodor Storm, Plato, Theodor Fontane, René Descartes, Gottfried Keller, Mark Twain, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Henry James, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, Victor Hugo, David Hume, Joseph Addison, Jane Austen, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Alphonse Daudet, Thomas De Quincey, Guy de Maupassant, George Eliot, Walter Scott, Laurence Sterne, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, Henry Fielding, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Bret Harte, George Sand, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Washington Irving, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, Juan Valera, Alfred de Musset, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Edward Everett Hale, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Ivan Turgenev, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Charles W. Eliot, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson, Honoré Balzac, Alexander L. Kielland
bookMeditations on First Philosophy : A Philosophical Treatise in Which the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul Are Demonstrated
René Descartes
bookMeditations on First Philosophy : A Philosophical Treatise in Which the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul Are Demonstrated
René Descartes
bookHarvard Classics (All 51 Volumes)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Thomas Carlyle, Plato, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, David Hume, Joseph Addison, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Thomas De Quincey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Brinsley Sheridan, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson
bookRules for the Direction of the Mind
René Descartes
bookMeditations on First Philosophy : A Philosophical Treatise in Which the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul Are Demonstrated
René Descartes
book100 Obras Maestras Que Debes Leer Antes De Morir
Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Mary Shelley, Lyman Frank Baum, Louisa May Alcott, Dante Alighieri, Jane Austen, Ambrose Bierce, Emily Brontë, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Lewis Carroll, Wilkie Collins, René Descartes, Charles Dickens, Emily Dickinson, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Benito Pérez Galdós, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Thomas Hardy, E. T. Hoffmann, Washington Irving, Henry James, James Joyce, Franz Kafka, Gaston Leroux, Federico García Lorca, H. P. Lovecraft, Publio Virgilio Marón, Lucy Maud Montgomery, John William Polidori, Marco Polo, Antoine De Saint-Exupéry, Emilio Salgari, Walter Scott, Mark Twain, Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, Edith Wharton, Mary Wollstonecraft, Fernando de Rojas, Bookish
bookHarvard Classics Anthology - Complete 51 Volumes : The Greatest Works of World Literature - Dr. Eliot's Five Foot Shelf
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Thomas Carlyle, Plato, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, David Hume, Joseph Addison, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Thomas De Quincey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson
bookHarvard's Classics Collection: Complete 71 Volumes : The Five Foot Shelf & The Shelf of Fiction - The Classic Literature & The Greatest Works of Fiction from Antics to Modern Age
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Thomas Carlyle, Theodor Storm, Plato, Theodor Fontane, René Descartes, Gottfried Keller, Mark Twain, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Henry James, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, Victor Hugo, David Hume, Joseph Addison, Jane Austen, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Alphonse Daudet, Thomas De Quincey, Guy de Maupassant, George Eliot, Walter Scott, Laurence Sterne, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, Henry Fielding, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Bret Harte, George Sand, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Washington Irving, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, Juan Valera, Alfred de Musset, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Edward Everett Hale, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Ivan Turgenev, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Charles W. Eliot, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson, Honoré Balzac, Alexander L. Kielland
bookThe Harvard Classics Anthology : 51 Volumes of Nonfiction Books + 20 Volumes of the Greatest Works of Fiction
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Thomas Carlyle, Theodor Storm, Charles Dickens, Plato, Theodor Fontane, René Descartes, Gottfried Keller, Mark Twain, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Henry James, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, Victor Hugo, Joseph Addison, Jane Austen, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Alphonse Daudet, Thomas De Quincey, Guy de Maupassant, George Eliot, Walter Scott, Laurence Sterne, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, Henry Fielding, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Bret Harte, George Sand, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Washington Irving, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, Juan Valera, Alfred de Musset, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Edward Everett Hale, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Ivan Turgenev, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Charles W. Eliot, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson, Honoré Balzac, Alexander L. Kielland
bookThe Harvard Classics: Complete 51-Volume Collection : The Greatest Works of World Literature
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Thomas Carlyle, Plato, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, David Hume, Joseph Addison, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Thomas De Quincey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Brinsley Sheridan, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson
bookHarvard Classics: Complete 51-Volume Anthology : The Greatest Works of World Literature
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Thomas Carlyle, Plato, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, David Hume, Joseph Addison, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Thomas De Quincey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Brinsley Sheridan, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson
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