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The Balkans

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Mediaeval history, whether of the East or the West, is mostly a record of bloodshedding and cruelty; and the Middle Age has been prolonged to our own time in most parts of the Balkans, and is not yet over in some parts. There are certain things salutary to bear in mind when we think or speak of any part of that country today.

Contents:

BULGARIA.

The Arrival of the Bulgars in the Balkan Peninsula, 600–700

The Early Years of Bulgaria and the Introduction of Christianity, 700–893

The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire, 893–972

The Rise and Fall of 'Western Bulgaria' and the Greek Supremacy, 963–1186

The Rise and Fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1186–1258

The Serbian Supremacy and the Final Collapse, 1258–1393

The Turkish Dominion and the Emancipation, 1393–1878

The Aftermath, and Prince Alexander of Battenberg, 1878–86

The Regeneration under Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg, 1886–1908

The Kingdom, 1908–13

SERBIA.

The Serbs under Foreign Supremacy, 650–1168

The Rise and Fall of the Serbian Empire and the Extinction of Serbian Independence, 1168–1496

The Turkish Dominion, 1496–1796

The Liberation of Serbia under Kara-George (1804–13) and Milos Obrenovic (1815–30): 1796–1830

The Throes of Regeneration: Independent Serbia, 1830–1903

Serbia, Montenegro, and the Serbo-Croats in Austria-Hungary, 1903–8

Serbia and Montenegro, and the two Balkan Wars, 1908–13

GREECE. By ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE.

From Ancient to Modern Greece

The Awakening of the Nation

The Consolidation of the State

RUMANIA: HER HISTORY AND POLITICS. By D. MITRANY

Introduction

Formation of the Rumanian Nation

The Foundation and Development of the Rumanian Principalities

The Phanariote Rule

Modern Period to 1866

Contemporary Period: Internal Development

Contemporary Period: Foreign Affairs

Rumania and the Present War

TURKEY. By D. G. HOGARTH

Origin of the Osmanlis

Expansion of the Osmanli Kingdom

Heritage and Expansion of the Byzantine Empire

Shrinkage and Retreat

Revival

Relapse

Revolution

The Balkan War

The Future