Arthur Schopenhauer
Born in Danzig in 1788, died in Frankfurt am Main in 1860,
was an outsider among philosophers. He did not belong to any particular school but bravely opposed the dominant schools of thought of his time by taking a more physical, oriented philosophical path.
Human spirit, world history, meaning and goal, these are all illusions for him. For him the world is a senseless stage play of violence and agony.
Man, ruled by irrational instincts, world history without any purpose, without any meaningful development.
Life means suffering!