Based on his Jewish faith, Maimonides fused neo-Aristotelian philosophy with the Jewish legal tradition into a systemic whole. In his main philosophic work, The Guide for the Perplexed, he attempted to appeal to rationalists troubled by the personal embodiment of God in the biblical accounts. It is in that rational spirit that he provided a strikingly modern work to be used by patients and practicing physicians alike.

Capitalizing on his vast practical experience as a physician, combined with his knowledge of classical and medieval principles of healing, Maimonides was able to provide a comprehensive theory for the therapy of body and mind. In this work he describes many conditions including asthma, diabetes, hepatitis and pneumonia. He includes recommendations on many aspects for a healthy life which are still applicable today. Included are suggestions on diet and exercise, sex life and the underlying psychological causes of illness.