If you want to know why American Indians have the highest rates of poverty of any racial group, do not look to history. Naomi Schaefer Riley explains that it is our policies today-denying Indians ownership of their land, refusing them access to the free market, and failing to provide the police and legal protections due to them as American citizens-that have turned reservations into small third-world countries in the middle of the richest and freest nation on earth.