This book clarifies key differences between ADHD and autism, two often-confused neurodevelopmental conditions. Despite overlapping traits like attention struggles and social challenges, they differ fundamentally. ADHD involves executive dysfunction (attention regulation, impulsivity) linked to prefrontal cortex differences, while autism centers on social communication differences and sensory processing rooted in broader neural connectivity variations. ADHD social issues stem from inattention/impulsivity; autism’s arise from processing social cues. ADHD attention is inconsistent, with hyperfocus on stimulating tasks; autism features intense, narrow focus on interests. Sensory sensitivities are core to autism, affecting daily life, while ADHD sensory issues relate to regulation. Effective support varies: ADHD benefits from structure, medication, and behavioral strategies; autism requires explicit social teaching, sensory accommodations, and routine. Co-occurrence is common but demands integrated approaches. The book stresses accurate recognition to tailor interventions, honoring neurodiversity while addressing distinct needs.