Moses Hess's 'Rome and Jerusalem: The Last National Question' is a thought-provoking exploration of the Jewish question in the midst of the tumultuous political landscape of the 19th century. This seminal work discusses the conflicting ideologies of assimilation in Rome and the longing for a return to Jerusalem, highlighting the struggle for Jewish identity in a rapidly changing world. Hess's writing style is eloquent and persuasive, drawing on historical and philosophical references to illuminate the complexities of the Jewish experience. The book's literary context lies at the intersection of political theory, nationalism, and religion, making it a pioneering text in Jewish intellectual history.