A groundbreaking account of Shermanâs March to the Seaâthe critical Civil War campaign that destroyed the Confederacyâtold for the first time from the perspective of the tens of thousands of enslaved people who fled to the Union lines and transformed Shermanâs march into the biggest liberation event in American history.
In the fall of 1864, Gen. William T. Sherman led his army through Atlanta, Georgia, burning buildings of military significanceâand ultimately most of the cityâalong the way. From Atlanta, they marched across the state to the most important city at the time: Savannah.
Mired in the deep of the South with no reliable supply lines, Shermanâs army had to live off the land and the provisions on the plantations they seized along the way. As the army marched to the east, plantation owners fled, but even before they did so, slaves self-emancipated to Union lines. By the time the army seized Savannah in December, as many as 20,000 enslaved people had attached themselves to Shermanâs army. They endured hardships, marching as much as twenty miles a dayâoften without food or shelter from the winter weatherâand at times Union commanders discouraged and even prevented the self-emancipated from staying with the army. Racism was not confined to the Confederacy.
In Somewhere Toward Freedom, historian Bennett Parten brilliantly reframes this seminal episode in Civil War history. He not only helps us understand how Shermanâs March impacted the war, and what it meant to the enslaved, but also reveals how it laid the foundation for the fledging efforts of Reconstruction. When the war ended, Sherman and various government and private aid agencies seized plantation landsâparticularly in the sea islands off the Georgia and South Carolina coastsâin order to resettle the newly emancipated. They were fed, housed, and in some instances, taught to read and write. This first real effort at Reconstruction was short-lived, however. As federal troops withdrew to the north, Confederate sympathizers and Southern landowners eventually brought about the downfall of this program.
Shermanâs march has remained controversial to this day. But as Parten reveals, it played a significant role in ending the Civil War, due in no small part to the efforts of the tens of thousands of enslaved people who became a part of it. In Somewhere Toward Freedom, this critical moment in American history has finally been given the attention it deserves.