Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Essay Immanuel Kant - Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher from Königsberg (today Kaliningrad of Russia), researching, lecturing and writing on philosophy and anthropology at the end of the 18th Century Enlightenment.At the time, there were major successes and advances in the sciences (for example, Isaac Newton, Carl Friedrich Gauss, and Robert Boyle) using reason and logic. But this stood in sharp contrast to the scepticism and lack of agreement or progress in empiricist philosophy.Kants magnum opus, the Critique of Pure Reason, aimed to unite reason with experience to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics. He hoped to end an age of speculation where objects outside experience were used to support what he saw as futile theories, while opposing the scepticism and idealism of thinkers such as Descartes, Berkeley and Hume.He said that it always remains a scandal of philosophy and universal human reason that the existence of things outside us ... should have to be assumed merely on faith, and that if it occurs to anyone to doubt it, we should be unable to answer him with a satisfactory proof. Kant proposed a Copernican Revolution, saying that 'Up to now it has been assumed that all our cognition must conform to the objects; but ...let us once try whether we do not get farther with the problems of metaphysics by assuming that the objects must conform to our cognition'.Kant published other important works on religion, law, aesthetics, astronomy and history. These included the Critique of Practical Reason (Kritik der praktischen Vernunft, 1788), which deals with ethics, and the Critique of Judgment (Kritik der Urteilskraft, 1790), which looks at aesthetics and teleology. He aimed to resolve disputes between empirical and rationalist approaches. The former asserted that all knowledge comes through experience; the latter maintained that reason and innate ideas were prior. Kant argued that experience is purely subjective without first being processed by pure reason. He also said that using reason without applying it to experience will only lead to theoretical illusions. The free and proper exercise of reason by the individual was both a theme of the Enlightenment, and of Kant's approaches to the various problems of philosophy.His ideas influenced many thinkers in Germany during his lifetime. He settled, and moved philosophy beyond, the debate between the rationalists and empiricists. The philosophers Fichte, Schelling, Hegel and Schopenhauer amended and developed the Kantian system, thus bringing about various forms of German idealism. He is seen as a major figure in the history and development of philosophy. German and European thinking progressed after his time, and his influence still inspires philosophical work today.
Die Kritik der reinen Vernunft : Die transzendentale Ästhetik
Immanuel Kant
audiobook50 Meisterwerke der Philosophie : Metaphysik, Das Gastmahl, Bhagavadgita, Tractatus logico-philosophicus, Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Also sprach Zarathustra, Selbstbetrachtungen von Marcus Aurelius
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Edmund Husserl, Karl Marx, Søren Kierkegaard, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Stuart Mill, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Friedrich Schelling, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Montesquieu, Jean Jacques Rousseau, David Hume, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Baruch Spinoza, Konfuzius, Laotse, Platon, Xenophon, Aristoteles, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Seneca, Epiktet, Marc Aurel, Plotin, Thomas von Aquin, Nicolaus von Cues, Erasmus von Rotterdam, Niccolò Machiavelli, Tommaso Campanella, Martin Luther, Giordano Bruno, Samuel von Pufendorf, Abbé Castel de Saint-Pierre, Michel de Montaigne, René Descartes, Francis Bacon, Blaise Pascal
bookDie größten Philosophen der Aufklärung : Neues Organon, Kritik der reinen Vernunft, Der Gesellschaftsvertrag, Candide, Monadologie, Mathematische Principien der Naturlehre
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, David Hume, Johann Gottfried Herder, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Benjamin Franklin, Francis Bacon, Immanuel Kant, Montesquieu, Baruch Spinoza, Isaac Newton, Freiherr Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, René Descartes
bookMeisterwerke der Weltphilosophie : Das Gastmahl, Nikomachische Ethik, Also sprach Zarathustra, Utopia, Phänomenologie des Geistes, Neues Organon, Selbstbetrachtungen
Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard, Edmund Husserl, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Friedrich Nietzsche, Konfuzius, Platon, Xenophon, Aristoteles, Laotse, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Marcus Aurelius, Plotin, Thomas von Aquin, Niccolò Machiavelli, Thomas Morus, Giordano Bruno, Michel de Montaigne, René Descartes, Francis Bacon, Blaise Pascal, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, David Hume, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Friedrich Schelling, John Locke, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx
bookHarvard Classics (All 51 Volumes)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Thomas Carlyle, Plato, René Descartes, Immanuel Kant, Charles Darwin, Martin Luther, Robert Louis Stevenson, William Shakespeare, Dante Alighieri, Euripides, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Charles Lamb, Henry David Thoreau, Samuel Johnson, John Stuart Mill, David Hume, Joseph Addison, John Locke, John Fletcher, Francis Beaumont, Leigh Hunt, Epictetus, Thomas De Quincey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Jonathan Swift, Christopher Marlowe, Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm Grimm, William Hazlitt, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Daniel Defoe, Aesop, Richard Henry Dana, John Dryden, Philip Massinger, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, John Ruskin, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Ernest Renan, Robert Burns, David Garrick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Webster, Izaak Walton, John Bunyan, James Russell Lowell, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Homer, Edmund Burke, Plutarch, Molière, Aeschylus, Michael Faraday, Sophocles, William Makepeace Thackeray, Benjamin Franklin, Pierre Corneille, Jean Racine, Voltaire, Robert Browning, Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Dekker, John Milton, Aristophanes, Blaise Pascal, Virgil, Simon Newcomb, William Penn, Walter Bigges, Philip Sidney, Herodotus, Walter Raleigh, Francis Bacon, Giuseppe Mazzini, Francis Pretty, George Berkeley, Thomas Hobbes, Adam Smith, Alessandro Manzoni, Abraham Cowley, Michel de Montaigne, Ben Jonson, John Woolman, Benvenuto Cellini, Sydney Smith, Jean Froissart, William Henry Harrison, William Harvey, Marcus Aurelius, Hans Christian Andersen, Thomas Malory, George Gordon Byron, Thomas à Kempis, Richard Steele, Thomas Browne, Archibald Geikie, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Tacitus, William Roper, Hippocrates, Miguel de Cervantes, Thomas More, Friedrich von Schiller, Philip Nichols, Louis Pasteur, Joseph Lister, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pliny the Younger, Edgar Alan Poe, Saint Augustine, Brinsley Sheridan, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Francis Drake, Edward Haies, Niccolo Machiavelli, Ambroise Paré, William A. Neilson
bookKlassiker des politischen Denkens: Die große Hörbuch Box : Ein Grundlagenwerk der Politik
Karl Marx, Sun Tzu, Immanuel Kant, Max Weber, Benjamin Franklin, Platon, Niccolò Machiavelli, Georg Büchner
audiobookÜber ein vermeintes Recht aus Menschenliebe zu lügen
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audiobookPreisschrift über die Fortschritte der Metaphysik
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bookImmanuel Kant zum Reinhören
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audiobookIkuiseen rauhaan
Immanuel Kant
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