Luther's 95 Theses (or Dr. Martin Luther's Debate to Clarify the Value of Indulgences) was a kind of manifesto that criticized Catholic theology. In his Theses, Luther argued that the prevailing religious doctrine of the day destroyed faith.

The hammering of this 1517 document to the door of the Wittenberg church marks the start of the Reformation and the history of Protestantism.

Due to the conflicts surrounding the ideas presented in his Theses, a wave of religious wars broke out in Western Europe.