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Le Corbeau

Le Corbeau (titre original : The Raven) est un poème narratif de l'écrivain américain Edgar Allan Poe, et compte parmi les textes les plus forts de ce poète, établissant sa réputation dans son pays et en Angleterre. Il paraît pour la première fois le 29 janvier 1845, dans le New York Evening Mirror. D’une grande musicalité et à l'atmosphère irréelle, obéissant à une métrique stricte, le poème raconte l'histoire d'une mystérieuse visite que reçoit le narrateur, qui se lamente sur la mort de son amour, Lenore ; un corbeau perché en haut de sa porte, répète inlassablement « Jamais plus ». La répétition de ces mots plonge le narrateur dans un désarroi si fort qu'il sombre dans la folie. Le poème utilise un grand nombre de références classiques et folkloriques.

Poe a avoué avoir écrit ce poème de façon très logique et méthodique, comme il l'explique dans son essai La Philosophie de la composition publié en 1846. Son intention était d'attirer à la fois des critiques et de satisfaire la demande populaire. Le poème s'inspire en partie du roman Barnaby Rudge de Charles Dickens, où un corbeau parlant fait son apparition. Poe emprunte le rythme et la métrique complexe du poème d'Elizabeth Barrett Browning intitulé la Cour de lady Geraldine (Lady Geraldine's Courtship). Le poème utilise des rimes internes, ainsi que de nombreuses allitérations.


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