The Taj Mahal stands as a breathtaking testament to Indo-Islamic architecture, celebrated as one of the most exquisite examples of this style in the world. Its origins are steeped in the emotional backdrop of its commission, reflecting the rich culture and history of the Mughal Empire, which wielded power over vast regions of India during the 16th and 17th centuries. The monument was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, who died during childbirth in 1631. Her passing left an indelible mark on the emperor, inspiring him to create a monument that would embody his love and devotion.
While the majestic, domed marble mausoleum is the most iconic aspect of the Taj Mahal, the complex itself encompasses an extensive area of 22.44 hectares (55.5 acres) and comprises a variety of architectural features and landscaped gardens. Surrounding the central tomb are subsidiary tombs, a sophisticated system of waterworks, and the small town of Taj Ganji to the south. Additionally, a 'moonlight garden' lies to the north of the River Yamuna, designed to enhance the ethereal quality of the monument.